How does gsm work

Other countries who are not as far with deploying newer standards may still use 2G as the main connectivity option. So it can still be useful to design a device that can connect to GSM networks. GSM played a foundational role in modern cellular communications.

And while some operators are transitioning to newer networks, this technology is still immensely popular for its global availability and extremely low-cost connectivity. Need help connecting your devices?

EMnify is an IoT communication platform. We specialize in helping manufacturers create truly global applications. With our technology and infrastructure, your applications can connect to more than networks in over countries. Talk to an IoT expert today. Written by EMnify. It was the first-ever CDMA standard used for mobile networks.

The commercial name for IS is cdmaOne. IS used carrier frequencies with a bandwidth of 1. IS A enabled peak data rates of up to Thank you for reading this post, I hope it helped you in developing a better understanding of cellular networks.

Sometimes, we need some extra support especially when preparing for a new job, or studying a new topic, or maybe just buying a new phone. Whatever you are trying to do, here are some downloads that can help you:. You can then read Mobile Networks Made Easy which explains the network nodes e. GSM or Global System for Mobile Communications is the most popular wireless cellular communication technique, used for public communication.

The GSM standard was developed for setting protocols for second generation 2G digital cellular networks. It initially started as a circuit switching network, but later packet switching was implemented after integration General Packet Radio Service GPRS technology as well. It uses the digital air interface wherein the analog signals are converted to digital signals before transmission. The transmission speed is Kbps.

There are about more than three billion users of this technology. The main goal was to provide a uniform international standard for wireless mobile communications.

At the same time the first digital cellular system was formed which was based on GSM recommendations and later known as GSM The mobile station is generally the mobile phone which consists of a transceiver, display and a processor. Each handheld or portable mobile station consists of a unique identity stored in a module known as SIM Subscriber Identity Chip. It is a small microchip which is inserted in the mobile phone and contains the database regarding the mobile station.

It connects the mobile station with the network subsystem via the air interface. It consists of the below given elements:. The core network includes the major elements which are discussed below.

And, it also provides an edge toward the public switched telephone network so that the phone calls can be connected from the network of the mobile to a phone to a landline. Interfaces to other mobile switching center server are provided to allow mobile calls to be made to mobiles over dissimilar networks. This HLR database includes the information regarding the administrative like every subscriber with their previous identified location.

Like this, the GSM network is capable to connect the calls to the related base station for the mobile switch. Even once the mobile is switched on, but not active then it again registers to make sure that the HLR network is responsive to its most recent location. There is one HLR for each network, even though it may be dispersed across a variety of sub-centers for operational causes.

The VLR includes preferred information that is received from the HLR network to allow the preferred services for the separate subscriber. The visitor location register can be executed like a separate unit; however, it is usually realized like an essential element of the MSC, before an individual unit.

The EIR Equipment Identity Register is the unit that makes a decision whether specified mobile gear may be permitted over the network. It mainly depends on the information that is held within the EIR, and the mobile device may be assigned one of 3 conditions which allowed over the network, barred access, otherwise watched in case its problems. The AuC authentication center is a protected file that includes the secret key in the SIM card of the user.

These gateways control messages which are directed in dissimilar ways. These units were the major ones that are used in the network of GSM technology. They were normally co-located, however frequently the overall middle network was transmitted around the country wherever the network was situated.

In case of malfunction, it will give some flexibility. It acts as an interface between the mobile station and the network subsystem. It consists of the Base Transceiver Station which contains the radio transceivers and handles the protocols for communication with mobiles. It also consists of the Base Station Controller which controls the Base Transceiver station and acts as an interface between the mobile station and mobile switching center.

The network subsystem provides the basic network connection to the mobile stations. It also contains the Equipment Identity Register which maintains an account of all the mobile equipment wherein each mobile is identified by its own IMEI number.

This subsystem includes two elements which are discussed below. This controller manages the resources of radio to control different items like handover in the collection of BTSs, assigns channels. It converses with the Base Transceiver Stations over Abis interface. The subsystem element in the base station of the GSM network uses the radio allowable technology to allow a number of operators to right to use the system concurrently.